History of the L60-Series Transmission
Today's 4L65-E and 4L60-E transmissions trace their lineage to 1982 and the introduction of the 700R4, one of General Motors' first production automatic overdrive transmissions.
Two versions of the 700R4 appeared: one with a 60-degree bellhousing bolt pattern and another with a 90-degree bolt pattern. And though the advantages of lower cruising rpm and higher fuel economy were widely praised, the early 700R4s suffered from weaknesses that caused many to fail in even the lightest-duty applications.
By the '87 model year, the 700R4 had been internally upgraded and the problems that plagued earlier versions of the engine disappeared. In the '90s, the name changed to 4L60, reflecting GM's new nomenclature for all its transmissions--"4" for four-speed, "L" for longitudinal (rear-wheel drive), "60" denoting the torque capacity rating. (The "E" was added when the transmission was converted to electronic control.) The 700R4 and 4L60 are internally similar, including gearing.
The 4L60-E came along in the mid-'90s, and shortly thereafter its design was changed from a three-piece construction to a two-piece design. Currently, the L60 and L65 have a separate, 360-degree bellhousing, which completely encloses the torque converter. This was done to increase powertrain stiffness and reduce vibration.
The electronic versions of the transmission also use an electronically controlled capacity clutch, instead of a mechanical lock-up clutch. This design lets the computer decide on the necessary amount of slip, which maximizes fuel economy.